The Department expects all written work (including weekly language exercises) to be submitted by the due date in hard copy and word-processed in accordance with the following guidelines. Owing to the requirement for all assessed work to be accompanied by a signed Declaration of Integrity, and in view of the high risk of transmitting virus infection, it is not acceptable to submit work to tutors by email.

A4 paper with margins set at 1.25" all round. For assessed essays / dissertations, include a word count at the end, just before the Biblliography, in the format: ‘Word Count = 1512’ (in MS Word, <File> / <Properties> / <Statistics>).

Font: Times New Roman 12pt (point). Italics for book titles (see below). Apart from essay titles / headings and the like, avoid bold. Apart from email addresses and WWW URLs, avoid underlining.

Always use double-spacing, except for indented quotations (see below). Normal text should be left-aligned, with a non-justified (ragged) right margin. Quotations of three or more lines should be left-aligned as above, single-spaced and indented 0.5" from both margins. You will find it is worth creating pre-formatted styles for each of these categories (<Format> / <Style> <Modify>). Format both styles of paragraph with a 6pt <Space After> them.

Always include a running footer which contains, your name, the page number and (for your own sake) the filename and path of the document (<View> / <Header and Footer> to create a footer, then <Insert> / <AutoText> / <Header/Footer / Filename and path>).

Step-by-step guides to word-processing with MS Word can be found on the University Information Systems Services (ISS) website at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/iss/documentation/index.html

For essays, dissertations, etc. you must always include a Bibliography to show the sources of the quotations and information you have used.. This can be simply presented in the form of a list at the end, with the entries in alphabetical order by author, and in chronological order where there is more than one entry for a particular author. Consistency is of paramount importance. There are many methods of citing references to books, articles, films, internet sources and the like. Our preferred format is simple and has the advantage that it eliminates the need for footnotes/endnotes.

Note: The following gives only the main categories you are likely to need, and is adapted from Donald, S.G. and Kneale, P.E. (2001) Study Skills for Language Students. A Practical Guide. London: Arnold, Chapter 15, which contains full and detailed guidance for every type of reference.

Author(s) (year) Title (edition). Place of publication: Publisher.

Burwick, F. (1987) The haunted eye: perception and the grotesque in English and German romanticism. Heidelberg: Winter.

Editor(s) ed(s). (year) Title (edition). Place of publication: Publisher.

Kelly, C. and Lovell, S. eds. (2000) Russian literature, modernism and the visual arts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Author (Year) Chapter title. In Editor’s Name(s) (ed(s).) Book title (edition). Place of Publication: Publisher, Page numbers.

Vaughan, W. (1994) German romantic art abroad: A British perspective. In Hartley, K. The Romantic spirit in German art, 1790-1990. London: Thames & Hudson, 52-61.

Author (year) Article title. Journal title, volume number, issue number, page numbers.

Donald, S.G. (1991) ‘An Officer and a Gentleman’: Minna von Barnhelm and the rhetoric of class and gender. Forum for Modern Language Studies, 27, 1, 43-69.

Author. Full date. Title of article. Newspaper, volume number if applicable, page number(s).

Browaeys, D.B. and Kaplan J.-C. May 2000. La tentation de le l’apartheid génétique. Le Monde Diplomatique, 554. 1.

Title, full date. Newspaper, volume number if applicable, page number(s).

French face racism enquiry, 16 March 1699. The Daily Groat, 3.

Composer or author(s) (date) Title, Publisher, tape section number / duration if applicable.

Broady, E. and Meinhof, U. (1995) Télétextes, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Deutsche Einheit — Grenze: Minensuche (25.6.91) Tagesthemen, 2’44". ARD.

The safest way to cite correctly is to copy and paste WWW addresses to a text file as you view them.

Author / editor(s) (year) Title [online] (edition). Place of publication: publisher (if ascertainable), URL, accessed date.

Hautus, E. (2000) Salsa dancing in Amsterdam [online] http://www.xs4all.nl/~ehautus/salsa-amsterdam.html Accessed 30 July 2000.

Do not use footnotes/endnotes. Simply cite your references within the text by the author’s family name and (year of publication). Where three or more authors are involved, use the et al. (and others) convention.

Enclose quotations in ‘single quotation marks’, enclose quotations within quotations in "double quotation marks".

‘Gilman (1995, 40) examines some of the political and cultural events which brought German-Jewish relations into closer focus during the 1980s, among them Israel’s invasion of Lebanon, the so- called "Historians’ Debate", and finally the Fall of the Berlin Wall. Of course, the growing German-Jewish discourse around these events was by historical necessity overshadowed by the Holocaust, so memorably defined by Diner (1986, 18) as a "negative symbiosis"’.